In Gendered Readings of Change, Clara Fischer develops a unique theory of change by drawing on American philosophy and contemporary feminist thought. Via a select history of ancient Greek and Pragmatist philosophies of change, she argues for a reconstruction of transformation that is inclusive of women's experiences and thought. With wide-ranging analysis, this book addresses ontological, moral, epistemological, and political questions, and includes an insightful exploration of the philosophies of Parmenides, Aristotle, John Dewey, Iris Young, and Jane Addams.

Feminist Interpretations of William James is the third volume on a classical pragmatist in the generally excellent Penn State book series, Re-Reading the Canon. The series dedicates itself to a reconstruction of the work of prominent philosophers, and has already brought a critical, feminist perspective to the lives and thought of Jane Addams and John Dewey. This latest installment of the series is a welcome and lively contribution on William James, and adds significantly to the series’ wider reconstructive project, which (...) typically highlights and critiques a philosopher’s problematic, sexist assumptions; examines the effects such assumptions may have had on the thinker’s wider body of work; re-inscribes women’s... (shrink)

In August 2011 Edward Fullbrook, the editor of the Real World Economics Review and the driving force behind the World Economics Association (WEA), asked the three of us to take on editorial roles in the newly established philosophy, methodology and history of thought journal of the association. The project was, to say the least, rather daunting. We had a document outlining the scope and editorial policies of the would-be journal written by Grazia Ietto-Gillies. Grazia had also developed the proposed Open (...) Peer Discussion Forum (OPD), based on her research into similar peer review systems used within the natural sciences. However, we had never met each other nor worked together and we lacked administrative and technical support. In addition, scheduling editorial meetings between Rome, Mexico City and Oxford proved rather challenging! Nevertheless, a combination of belief in the cause of the WEA and foolhardiness led us all to accept. The first issue of the journal is the fruit of our collective labours as well as those of our authors. In addition, both Jake McMurchie (the association's IT expert) and Jane Spurr (our production and layout expert) have been instrumental in the process of transforming a vibrant open peer discussion into six conventional journal articles. (shrink)

Similarities between pragmatist models of democracy and deliberative models have been explored over recent years, most notably in this journal ( Talisse 2004). However, the work of Iris Marion Young has, thus far, not figured in such comparative analyses and historical weighing of pragmatist antecedents in deliberativist work. In what follows, I wish to redress this oversight by placing Young in conversation with John Dewey and Jane Addams. Young's particular brand of deliberative theorizing focuses on the inclusion of women and (...) all those deemed Other in our democracies. She identifies a significant shortcoming in standard expositions of deliberative thought, pointing out that communicative style, structured by oppressive norms of gender, race, and class, to name but a few, may serve to undermine our full participation in political decision making. While this forms a valuable insight for those seeking to redress the exclusion of Others in democracies, it also draws attention to the centrality of differences of communication in deliberative settings. In what follows, I will highlight the integral role played by communication in Young's and Dewey's expositions of democracy while showing that Addams foreshadows Young's principal insight through an appreciation of communicative difference and its attendant political implications. (shrink)

Na perspectiva da Psicologia Histórico-Cultural, o trabalho, exigência para que o homem sobreviva, lhe possibilita desenvolver-se, apropriar-se da cultura humana histórica e coletivamente elaborada, para atender às demandas que suas tarefas lhe impõem. Em um processo coletivo, por meio de sua inserção nas relações produtivas, ao aprender o que lhe é necessário para executar suas atividades, o homem se humaniza, e vai criando o que necessita e pode, para atender suas necessidades, o que permite afirmá-lo enquanto produto e produtor da (...) cultura, da ciência e da tecnologia. E essa é a função básica da escola, preparar o aluno para, na medida em que se humaniza, assumir um lugar, uma posição reconhecida socialmente. Nesse processo, o Trabalho Colaborativo/Ombreado entre os professores da Educação Especial, do ensino comum e da equipe pedagógica escolar, envolvendo confiança e credibilidade entre os pares, é essencial ao desenvolvimento psicointelectual dos estudantes com deficiência/necessidades educativas especiais. Para melhor caracterizar o Trabalho Colaborativo, apresenta-se o resultado de uma pesquisa efetuada na Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações na qual se buscou identificar suas características, limites e desafios. A essência do Trabalho Colaborativo entre os professores está numa relação de apoio, na qual todos assumem a responsabilidade no processo de aprendizagem dos conteúdos escolares, o que exige espaço e tempo para sua consecução, além de uma fundamentação teórica que articulada a uma prática pedagógica lhe dê consistência. Se executado dessa forma, o Trabalho Colaborativo/Ombreado caracteriza-se como essencial à inclusão escolar. Conclui-se que, para efetivá-lo, torna-se imperiosa a definição clara e consciente dos objetivos para a escolarização, pois há muita diversidade entre as especificidades da deficiência ou das necessidades educacionais especiais. No entanto, essa forma de atuação articulada encontra diferentes entraves que se constituem em seus limites e desafios exigindo vontade política para minimizá-los, permitindo sua organização adequada. Discutem-se esses desafios e apresenta-se um exemplo no qual, pelo trabalho colaborativo pôde-se estabelecer condições para que uma aluna que, pelo vestibular conquistou uma vaga no curso de Medicina mas adquiriu uma tetraplegia no decorrer do curso, pudesse terminar sua graduação. (shrink)

In recent years, terrorism has become closely associated with martyrdom in the minds of many terrorists and in the view of nations around the world. In Islam, martyrdom is mostly conceived as "bearing witness" to faith and God. Martyrdom is also central to the Christian tradition, not only in the form of Christ's Passion or saints faced with persecution and death, but in the duty to lead a good and charitable life. In both religions, the association of religious martyrdom with (...) political terror has a long and difficult history. The essays of this volume illuminate this history--following, for example, Christian martyrdom from its origins in the Roman world, to the experience of the deaths of "terrorist" leaders of the French Revolution, to parallels in the contemporary world--and explore historical parallels among Islamic, Christian, and secular traditions. Featuring essays from eminent scholars in a wide range of disciplines, Martyrdom and Terrorism provides a timely comparative history of the practices and discourses of terrorism and martyrdom from antiquity to the twenty-first century. (shrink)

Bukti penyertaan Tuhan dalam kehidupan bangsa Israel sungguh nyata. Tuhan bukan saja memperkenalkan diri-Nya sebagai Tuhan, Allah pembebas, namun juga Tuhan, Allah yang menyertai kehidupan mereka. Sementara itu bagi Firaun, seharusnya peristiwa ini adalah pelajaran penting dalam sejarah kehidupannya dan bangsanya. Bahwa berperkara dengan Tuhan, Allah Israel adalah sebuah kesia-siaan. Baik bangsa Israel dan Firaun sama-sama diajarkan akan sifat dan karakter Tuhan, Allah yang adil dan penuh kasih. Ini pula yang seharusnya menjadi pelajaran bagi umat-umat Tuhan sepanjang zaman. Bahwa penting (...) percaya dengan segenap hati kepada tuntunan dan pemeliharaan Tuhan di dalam setiap jalan-jalan kehidupan. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan mengumpulkan data-data dari berbagai sumber Pustaka, sehingga setiap orang percaya akan penyertaan Tuhan melalui pengalaman bangsa Israel keluar dari Mesir dan menyeberangi Laut Teberau. (shrink)

In this paper, I consider Patricius’s argument on integrality laid out in “Pampsychia”, least researched book belonging to Nova universis philosophia, in comparison with the notions, methodologies and pragmatic reach of the contemporary science of human psyche. I attempted to determine can the argument correspond to the methodological instrument of psychology or the relation is disjunctive, that is, in animosity. I emphasise Patricius’s reflection on the mindcenteredness of the soul while trying to point at the dynamic and dialectical character of (...) the psyche phenomenon as the fundamental determinant of Patricius’s psycho­ontology and the importance of implementing philosophical reflection into the mental health system framework, as a precondition for the holistic, integrative approach to the problem. (shrink)

Dorion Cairns was one of Husserl’s closest pupils, his closest American pupil, and a leading translator, interpreter, and teacher of phenomenology in the United States. His translations of Cartesian Meditations and Formal and Transcendental Logic remain authoritative, his Guide forTranslating Husserl and Conversations with Husserl and Fink are classic texts in the history of phenomenology, and a number of his students from his years at the New School for Social Research are leading figures in contemporary phenomenology.The Philosophy of Edmund Husserl (...) is Cairns’s previously unpublished 1933 Harvard dissertation. It is also the first volume of what will likely be six volumes of the Philosophical Papers of Dorion Cairns.The Editorial Committee for this project is comprised of Lester Embree, Fred Kersten , and Richard Zaner, the latter of whom serves as Cairns’s literary executor. Cairns composed the dissertation in the six months .. (shrink)

Scapula mobility complicates upper extremity kinematics assessment. Existing methods are diverse, providing inconsistent results. The current gold standard (bone pins) is prohibitively invasive. The purposes of the current study are to describe a virtual projection alternative to surface markers for video motion capture (VMC) of the scapula and to compare the results of the projection and surface marker methods to the results of similar existing methods. Ten participants were evaluated using VMC. Surface markers were applied to the trunk and arm (...) in accordance with existing guidelines. Three markers were affixed to plastic base on the skin over the acromion process. Other scapular landmarks were digitized in a neutral position. These landmarks’ locations were defined in reference to the acromion cluster and used to generate the projection. Humerothoracic, glenohumeral, and scapulothoracic kinematics were evaluated during shoulder abduction, flexion, and scaption. Joint angles produced by the surface markers and the projection were compared by Bonferroni-adjusted t tests. The results were compared to prior findings in the literature. The projection resulted in greater scapulothoracic upward rotation, internal rotation, and anterior–posterior tilt and less glenohumeral elevation (p <.0055) than did surface markers. The virtual scapula produced greater estimates of scapular mobility than did surface markers, corresponding to pre-existing results from similar methodologies. The result is a noninvasive measurement tool that produces different and superior results than do scapula surface markers. Measuring scapula kinematics via VMC without bone pins will facilitate future investigations into interactions between upper extremity injury, kinematics, and activity performance. (shrink)

The Inherent inseparability of psychopathology and phenomenology is generally a known fact, established and popularised by Karl Jaspers in Allgemeine Psychopathologie. In the following paper, I will show the development of interdisciplinary methodology initiated by Jaspers, and discuss it by combining M. Merleau Ponty`s theory of embodiment, R. D. Laing`s existential-phenomenological approach, and T. Fuchs` concept of brain resonance and integral causality with the hermeneutical thoughts of Paul Ricœur regarding the notion of selfhood. The main thesis proposes that fusion of (...) hermeneutics and phenomenology with psychiatry can play a significant methodological role in the approach to diagnosis and treatment of the psychotic disorders spectre, especially regarding the most complex yet inaccurately defined and evaluated mental disorder – schizophrenia. Due to the fundamental interpretative capacity of both disciplines regarding the understanding of the displacement (translocation) of subject, disembodiment, delusions and consciousness, I am considering them as a prerequisite for the effective expansion of psychiatric practice. (shrink)

This semester-long research project examined the use of social studies trade books to thematically teach about six individuals who served as change agents in the United States during the late 19th century and early 20th century. Three of the individuals were African American men, Robert Smalls, Frederick Douglass, and John Roy Lynch, who took civic action to address racial discrimination faced by the Black community in the half century following the U.S. Civil War. The other three indivduals were women women, (...) Ida B. Wells, Clara Lemlich, and Jane Addams, who challenged social inequities and injustices within their communities. Over the course of the semester-long research project, sixth-grade U.S. history students read selected trade books, examined primary sources, completed graphic organizers, and crafted writing assessments about each of the six individuals. Students demonstrated complex historical thinking, integrated economic and civic thinking, and communicated thematic ideas of systemic oppression of minorities, women, and the poor. They struggled to make connections between examples of historic oppression and contemporary examples of societal oppression. (shrink)

on the morning of friday, 6 March 2020, an "Author Meets Critics" session took place in the Sor Juana room of the Hacienda Santa Clara to discuss Marilyn Fischer's Jane Addams's Evolutionary Theorizing. Chaired by Barbara Lowe, the dialogue yielded opportunities to both praise Fischer's scholarship and reassess the nature and meaning of Jane Addams's canonical work of American philosophy, Democracy and Social Ethics. The discussion proved significant enough that the editors of The Pluralist sought to reproduce it in (...) these pages.In Jane Addams's Evolutionary Theorizing, Fischer provides an "archaeological" and "architectural" treatment of DSE, delving into the source material: Addams's own lectures... (shrink)

Phronesis is essential for good decision‐making and actions. This literature review shows how phronesis has been discussed and related to elements of the field of administration and organizations. A search in the database systems Scopus, EBSCO, Web of Science, and Scielo, based on eligibility criteria, resulted in 43 theoretical and 14 empirical works. The analysis of these studies showed the most significant empirical contributions, the most cited authors, methods, journals, and central themes addressed in studies on phronesis to understand ethics (...) in business. From a virtue ethics perspective, we discuss the major theoretical and empirical contributions, as well as the implications of a restricted understanding of phronesis when it is treated apart from other elements of the virtue ethics framework. We present a synthesis of the concepts of phronesis, based on dimensions of magnitude and amplitude of the conceptions, ranging from formal to substantive phronesis, and covering individual, organizational, or societal levels of analysis. We argue that a substantive conception of phronesis within virtue ethics may improve our understanding of ethics because it assumes the interdependence of phronesis and moral virtues, integral anthropology, and the common good. We present a future research agenda, considering the study's limitations and findings. (shrink)

Global challenge-led research seeks to contribute to solution-generation for complex problems. Multicultural, multidisciplinary, and multisectoral teams must be capable of operating in highly demanding contexts. This brings with it a swathe of ethical conflicts that require quick and effective solutions that respect both international conventions and cultural diversity. The objective of this article is to describe the process of creating a toolkit designed to support global researchers in navigating these ethical challenges. The process of creating the toolkit embodied the model (...) of ethical research practice that it advocates. Specifically, at the heart of ethical decision-making is consideration of the following: Place, solutions must be relevant to the context in which they are to be used; People, those impacted by the outcomes must be partners in co-creation; Principles, ethical projects must be guided by clear values; and Precedent, the existing evidence-base should guide the project and, in turn, the project should extend the evidence-base. It is the thesis underlying the toolkit that consideration of these 4Ps provides a strong basis for understanding ethical conflicts and allows for the generation of potential solutions. This toolkit has been designed in two phases of collaborative work. More than 200 researchers participated from more than 30 countries and more than 60 different disciplines. This allowed us to develop a model for contextual, dynamic analysis of ethical conflicts in global research that is complementary to traditional codes of ethics. It emphasizes the need to consider ethical analysis as an iterative, reflective, process relevant at all stages of the research journey, including, ultimately, in evaluating the legacy of a project. The toolkit is presented as an open access website to promote universal access. A downloadable “pocket guide” version is also now available in 11 languages. (shrink)

The benefits of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in medicine are unquestionable and it is unlikely that the pace of its development will slow down. From better diagnosis, prognosis, and prevention to more precise surgical procedures, AI has the potential to offer unique opportunities to enhance patient care and improve clinical practice overall. However, at this stage of AI technology development it is unclear whether it will de-humanize or re-humanize medicine. Will AI allow clinicians to spend less time on administrative tasks and (...) technology related procedures and more time being present in person to attend to the needs of their patients? Or will AI dramatically increase the presence of smart technology in the clinical context to a point of undermining the humane dimension of the patient–physician relationship? In this brief commentary, we argue that technological solutions should be only integrated into clinical medicine if they fulfill the following three conditions: (1) they serve human ends; (2) they respect personal identity; and (3) they promote human interaction. These three conditions form the moral imperative of humanity. (shrink)

Which Greek concept is translated by essentia? The question is raised from a methodological perspective and aims at re‑examining the Latin texts on which philologists have based the history of essentia. Neither Cicero nor Seneca used the term, because they did not need it: its philosophical meaning is fully developed only when the theological discussions about the Trinity arise. The absence of essentia in the classical period gives some useful information about the way Plato was read at Rome: thus a (...) critical history of the Latin philosophical lexicon should contribute to a better understanding of the reception of Greek philosophy in Rome. (shrink)

Journal Name: Cognitive Linguistics Issue: Ahead of print.

We determined the prevalence of eating disorder symptoms among elite Spanish athletes from a broad range of sports and levels of competition and examined the associations between the presence of symptoms and perceived sport-specific weight pressures. We surveyed 646 elite athletes representing 33 sports from top-division teams and two elite athlete training centers in Catalonia. Based on the results of the Eating Attitudes Test-26 responses, 5.1% of athletes were at risk of EDs. The highest rates of ED symptoms were observed (...) in male endurance athletes and female esthetic athletes. Competition level was not a risk factor. The only gender differences in the presence of ED symptoms by competing level were observed in athletes competing at the national level. Female athletes with ED symptoms scored higher on the two subscales of the Spanish version of the Weight Pressures in Sport tool: coach and sport-specific pressures and pressures from teammates and due to uniform. Male athletes with ED symptoms scored higher on the pressures due to uniform subscale. Finally, symptomatic female but not male athletes competing at international and national levels also perceived greater sport-specific weight pressures. (shrink)

Taking a critical perspective on the loss of analytical categories, this article discusses the enormous proliferation of Diaspora concepts in social sciences at large, and in particular with regard to discourses on Muslims in Europe. In the era of international migration, the experience of homelessness, deriving from the loss of the myth of religio-cultural and ethno-linguistically singularity in contemporary societies, seems to become an universal phenomenon. Questions of home and belonging are key issues in the current discourses on Diaspora which, (...) since the turning point of 1989, developed aggressively beyond those academic disciplines concerned with religion. (shrink)

The sense of self has always been a topic of high interest in both psychoanalysis and most recently in neuroscience. Nowadays, there is an agreement in psychoanalysis that the self emerges from the relationship with the other (e.g., the caregiver) in terms of his/her capacity to attune, regulate, and synchronize with the emergent self of the infant. The outcome of this relational/intersubjective synchronization is the development of the sense of self and its regulatory processes both in dynamic psychology and neuroscience. (...) In this work, we propose that synchrony is a fundamental biobehavioral factor in these dialectical processes between self and others which shapes the brain–body–mind system of the individuals, including their sense of self. Recently in neuroscience, it has been proposed by the research group around Northoff that the self is constituted by a brain-based nested hierarchical three-layer structure, including interoceptive, proprio-exteroceptive, and mental layers of self. This may be disrupted, though, when traumatic experiences occur. Following the three levels of trauma theorized by Mucci, we here suggest how different levels of traumatic experiences might have an enduring effect in yielding a trauma-based topographic and dynamic re-organization of the nested model of self featured by dissociation. In conclusion, we propose that different levels and degrees of traumatic experience are related to corresponding disruptions in the topography and dynamic of the brain-based three-layer hierarchical structure of the self. (shrink)

The economic aspects of biobanking are intertwined with the social and scientific aspects. We describe two problems that structure the discussion about the economics of biobanking and which illustrate this intertwining. First, there is a ‘sustainability problem’ about how to maintain biobanks in the long term. Second, and representing a partial response to the first problem, there is a ‘commercialisation problem’ about how to deal with the voluntary altruistic relationship between participants and biobanks, and the potential commercial relationships that a (...) biobank may form. Social scientists have argued that the commercialisation problem is inadequate as a way to construct the multiple tensions that biobanks must negotiate. We agree that the commercialisation problem is an inadequate framework; turning to alternative accounts of bioeconomy, we suggest that contemporary consideration of the economics of biobanking primarily in terms of participants and their bodily tissue may reproduce the very commodification of science that these scholars critique. We suggest that an alternative conception of the economics of biobanking beyond the logics of commodification, which may thereby allow broader questions about the social and economic conditions and consequences of biobanks to be posed. (shrink)

François Stirn, professor de Filosofia, leciona em Saint-Omer, França. Autor de numerosas obras, entre elas a coleção Les grands penseurs contemporains e em colaboração com Hervé Lautrelle, Lexique de philosophie.

RESUMO: Para Bateson, a mudança social radicaria numa mudança epistemológica profunda que incidisse sobretudo na educação e na comunicação. Essa revolução paradigmática, baseada na lógica formal de Whitehead e Russell, evitaria discursos ditos científicos destituídos de rigor. Aqui, analisamos hermeneuticamente o seu pensamento, salientando os limites que a lógica formal encontra nas experiências éticas, religiosas e estéticas. Sem essa revolução, encontramo-nos condenados à estagnação intelectual, pois formamos cidadãos sem capacidade de aprender a aprender, que possibilitaria a capacidade de produzir abduções, (...) inferência lógica tão necessária na produção do raciocínio humano; o seu desenvolvimento garantiria a capacidade de pensar/construir complexamente o mundo, interligando os saberes; poucos são também aqueles que explicitam e argumentam a favor das suas crenças, base axiomática da capacidade abdutiva. A organização social se constrói com sujeitos que raramente possuem mentes bem estruturadas, favorecedoras de passagem de patamares de aprendizagem para outros superiores. Antes se estimula a confusão de tipos lógicos, tomando o todo pela parte, por exemplo. Bateson critica também o sistema de avaliação quantitativo, diminuindo a possibilidade de formação do pensamento abstrato e formal, como a filosofia e a matemática exigem. ABSTRACT: For Bateson, social change must be rooted in a profound epistemological shift, focusing mainly on education and communication. This paradigmatic revolution, based on the formal logic of Whitehead and Russell, avoids discourse that is said to be scientific but is devoid of rigor. In this article we hermeneutically analyze Bateson's thinking on these issues, stressing the limits that formal logic has in facing ethical, religious and aesthetic experiences. Without this revolution, we are condemned to intellectual stagnation, because we would be training citizens without the capacity of learning to learn. This capacity makes possible the ability to produce abduction, the logical inference required in the production of human reasoning. Its development would ensure the ability to think/construct the world in a complex fashion, connecting various areas of knowledge. Few are those who explain and argue for their beliefs, but this is the axiomatic basis for abductive capacity. Social organization depends on subjects who rarely possess well-structured minds that can pass from one level of learning to a higher one; and it actually stimulates the confusion of logical types, such as taking the whole for the part, for example. Bateson also criticizes the quantitative evaluation system, which diminishes the possibility for training in abstract and formal thought of the kind required by philosophy and mathematics. (shrink)

Federico Monjeau. La invención musical. Ideas de historia, forma y representación, segunda edición. Buenos Aires: Fondo de Cultura Económica, 2023, 151 páginas. Pablo Palomino. La invención de la música latinoamericana. Una historia transnacional, traducción de Laura Palomino e Ignacio de Cousandier. Buenos Aires: Fondo de Cultura Económica, 2021, 287 páginas.

In the prooemium of the Cento Vergilianus de Laudibus Christi of Faltonia Betitia Proba (lines 1–23) there are fragments not only of Vergil’s works but also of Lucan’s Bellum Civile and Juvencus’ Evangeliorum Libri. This article shows that in these lines Juvencus has a particular importance, for the references to his work increase until they reach a remarkable intensity in lines 22–23 and they stand out on different levels both formally and semantically. This thesis is supported by re-examining the origin (...) of a reference in line 22 of the Cento (erige mentem) that is usually ascribed to Lucan. The attribution to Juvencus can be established through the phenomenon of acoustic imitation. (shrink)

O artigo analisa a compreensão de moralidade fornecida por Kant em sua Fundamentação da Metafísica dos Costumes, de forma a examinar sua possível contribuição para uma filosofia crítica do saber de matriz colonial. Para tal, distingue a tentativa kantiana de resgatar a pretensão de validade universal de nossos enunciados morais e os conteúdos universais fixados pela tradição filosófica de matriz colonial, da qual a filosofia kantiana é um dos principais pilares. Em seguida, propõe uma reconstrução do Imperativo Categórico e uma (...) redefinição dos indivíduos aos quais devemos respeito ou consideração moral, capaz de ampliar o escopo da moralidade a todos os seres humanos, animais não humanos e outros sistemas funcionais complexos, tais como o meio-ambiente e obras de arte. Desta forma, o artigo procurar suprimir hierarquias que até hoje sustentam a subordinação de diversos indivíduos ou grupos a seres supostamente racionais e livres, cujas características foram naturalizadas e elevadas ao topo de uma hierarquia de saber e poder. (shrink)

Este estudio recupera la idea de inconsciente del análisis fenomenológico de Edmund Husserl a fin de contribuir y apoyar la ciencia psicológica. Se realizó un estudio de investigación teórico-bibliográfica, llevando en consideración la propia trayectoria analítico investigativa del filósofo, buscando resaltar la importancia de este análisis para comprender el concepto de subjetividad y sus implicaciones para la reflexión sobre el tiempo, sobre la memoria y la afectividad, elementos que componen la historia individual y colectiva. Husserl valora la noción de inconsciente (...) vinculada a actos de afecto y de horizonte, cuyo contenido se evidencia en la síntesis asociativa pasiva, realizada en el fluir de la conciencia intencional. Concluye enfatizando la necesidad de considerar lo implícito en la experiencia humana en todos sus niveles, lo que incluye la cuestión del “enigma del inconsciente”, contribución esencial a la fundación de la Psicología y de las ciencias humanas. (shrink)

Résumé Dans l’Histoire d’une Grecque moderne de Prévost (1740), plusieurs traits de style apparentent l’écriture romanesque à la galanterie littéraire, emblématisée au siècle précédent par Racine ou Lafayette ; c’est le cas en particulier de l’association à l’article indéfini des expressions qui désignent le personnage féminin. Trait de genre (la nouvelle historique et galante), mais aussi d’époque (le long XVIIe siècle), ce tour devient sous la plume de Prévost un marqueur de son style d’auteur. Toutefois, sous l’apparence de la continuité, (...) la valeur et le sens de ce legs stylistique se voient reconfigurés de fond en comble : Prévost orchestre un véritable détournement du style galant. En récupérant l’un des traits par lesquels la langue galante signalait sa littérarité et en l’accommodant à ses propres enjeux romanesques, au risque d’en modifier la signification en profondeur, Prévost offre un cas d’école pour s’interroger sur la propriété des faits de style. (shrink)

This article analyses how the French Academy of Sciences assessed Jaime Ferrán’s cholera vaccine submitted for the Prix Bréant in the 1880s. Ferrán, a Spanish independent physician, discovered the treatment in 1884 and tried it on thousands of patients during the cholera outbreak in Valencia the following year. His evaluation sparked a controversy in Spain and abroad on the vaccine’s efficacy. The Bréant jury did not see any evidence for it in Ferrán’s submission, a decision usually interpreted in terms of (...) French scientific nationalism (or simple chauvinism): an outsider from the scientific periphery could not be awarded the Bréant. Drawing on the archival records of the award, we suggest that Ferrán failed instead to provide data that the Academy could consider unbiased, according to the contemporary standards for data presentation. We will illustrate these standards at work in the assessment of another submission from Spain, by Philipp Hauser, who received the Bréant for the thoroughness of his statistical endeavour. (shrink)

Cognitive science-informed approaches have gained considerable influence in education in the UK and internationally, but not much is known about how teachers perceive cognitive science-informed strategies or enact them within the contexts of their everyday classrooms. In this paper, we discuss the perceptions and experiences of cognitive science-informed strategies of 13 teachers in England. The paper critically explores how the teachers understood and used cognitive science-informed strategies in their teaching, their views of the benefits and challenges for different subjects and (...) groups of learners, and their reflections on supporting factors and barriers for adopting the strategies in their schools. The teachers’ accounts illustrate some of the many complexities of adopting cognitive science-informed approaches in real-life educational settings. Drawing on their narratives, the paper emphasises the importance of acknowledging different contextual dimensions and the dynamic interactions between them to understand when and how teachers enact cognitive science-informed approaches in their classrooms. (shrink)

Propõe-se protocolo de utilização pedagógica de mídias e cultura popular para desenvolver conhecimentos sobre direito e suas imbricações com os conceitos de biopoder e biopolítica. As práticas apresentadas têm por público alvo crianças, adolescentes e adultos, sendo escolhidas três obras, cada uma delas correspondente a uma das diferentes faixas etárias. Para a elaboração do presente texto, utilizou-se de fundamentação teórica jurídica e dos estudos foucaultianos, assim como estudo empírico das obras audiovisuais.

: Creativity, mostly ignored in Western philosophy due to its supposed mysteriousness, has recently become a respected research topic in psychology, neuroscience, and artificial intelligence. We discuss how in science the approach has mainly been to describe creativity as an information-based process, coherently with a computational view of the human mind started with the cognitive revolution. This view has produced progressively convincing models of creativity, up to current artificial neural network systems, vaguely inspired by biological neural processing, but already competing (...) with human creativity in several fields. These successes suggest that creativity might not be an exclusively human function, but actually a way of functioning of any natural or artificial system implementing the creative process. We conclude by acknowledging that the information-based view of creativity has tremendous explanatory and generative power, but we propose a thought experiment to start discussing how it actually leaves out the experiential side of being creative. Keywords: Creative Cognition; Cognitive Neuroscience; Computational Creativity; Generative Algorithms; Cognitive Science La creatività come processo basato sull’informazione Riassunto: La creatività, spesso ignorata dalla filosofia occidentale per la sua presunta oscurità, in tempi recenti è diventata un rispettabile oggetto di ricerca per la psicologia, la neuroscienza e l’intelligenza artificiale. Vogliamo illustrare il modo in cui lo sguardo scientifico sia rivolto prevalentemente a considerare la creatività come processo information-based, coerentemente con la prospettiva computazionale sulla mente umana aperta dalla rivoluzione cognitiva. Questa prospettiva ha prodotto modelli della creatività sempre più convincenti, fino agli attuali sistemi di reti neurali artificiali, vagamente inspirati al processamento biologico neurale, ma già competitivi rispetto alla creatività umana in molti ambiti. Questi successi suggeriscono che la creatività possa non essere una funzione esclusivamente umana ma in effetti un modo di funzionare di un sistema naturale o artificiale capace di implementare il processo creativo. In conclusione, pur riconoscendo come il considerare la creatività come processo information-based possieda grande potere esplicativo e generativo, proporremo un esperimento mentale per aprire una discussione sul come questa prospettiva non copra in effetti il lato esperienziale dell’essere creativo. Parole chiave: Cognizione creativa; Neuroscienza cognitiva; Creatività computazionale; Algoritmi generativi; Scienza cognitiva. (shrink)